editing

Missing the (Exclamation) Point of Grammar?

So it looks like it’s just possible that the UK is finally on the way out of a long period of working from home—and for many of us, the added complexity of juggling the demands of managing a day-job online, alongside supporting children learning remotely.

If, like me, you have children of primary school age, you may have found yourself surprised by the ways in which you can’t help. Much like the mathematician and novelist featured in an article in The Guardian on 20th February, my husband (a senior school and university teacher in Mathematics) and I were both rather taken aback by the way our respective subjects were being presented to our nine-year old son.

Unnecessarily complex and rigid mathematical models often seemed to throw an otherwise enthusiastic and capable learner off track. Unhelpful at best, visual examples would often cause him to feel he simply couldn’t do the work—when in fact, the maths itself wasn’t the problem, rather the obscure and unyielding methods required.

the remote learning station: fully equipped with tablet, exercise book, school resources, and—of course—a cat.

the remote learning station: fully equipped with tablet, exercise book, school resources, and—of course—a cat.

Similarly, in literacy lessons, the naming of parts reduced not just my son but quite often his mother to a ball of frustration. Working with words every day of my adult life, I discovered that, apparently, knowing how to construct an engaging and dynamic sentence was less important than a detailed understanding of brackets, the present perfect tense, and expanded noun phrases.

Fortunately for us, my child’s school is staffed by creative and passionate teachers, who support the vagaries of the national curriculum with a steady array of enjoyable and engaging learning, including opportunities for unstructured writing and reading for pleasure. Thank goodness!

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Grammar is important, and clear communication is vital. But coherent, persuasive writing is more than just nuts and bolts, and much of its art comes from a combination of long practice and the instinctive use of language. I have various books on grammar, which I consult from time to time, and I am loathe to be casual about the technicalities of text—but my experience of reading and writing is that deliberate practice in drafting and editing is far more valuable than the ability to identify the proverbial fronted adverbial.

The nerd in me, however, does love a good bit of punctuation—and I enjoyed the whimsical illustrations which accompanied Punctuation..?, the short handbook by User Design, Illustration and Typesetting, sent to me for review. Stationery lovers would relish the crisp quality of the paper and print, and generous layout of the text, which created a clear and easily digestible interface for the reader. I particularly appreciated the dashes and apostrophe definitions, which were clear and helpful—amending hyphens to em-dashes seems to be a Sisyphean task for a copy editor…

Whilst never claiming to be a comprehensive punctuation bible, this is a short, gently amusing and helpful overview of the key pieces. Its ideal audience, in my sphere of influence at least, would be native English speakers aiming to secure their understanding of particular parts of punctuation for formal/academic writing, especially GCSE, A Level and university students.

And after the year we’ve all just had, what could be better than allowing our tired eyes a rest from the screen, and augmenting that hard-pressed remote learning with an actual book?

Wondering who to trust?

In the midst of accusations about deception, propaganda and lack of transparency in yet another angst-ridden election season for the UK, I’m delighted to recommend Andi Hoxhaj’s book on anti-corruption laws in the EU: The EU Anti-Corruption Report : A Reflexive Governance Response.

As Andi’s editor, reading his research on the history of corruption within the EU, the recent volte face in the law, and its implications for all EU members has been a revelation. I was very proud to be a part of this important contribution to the conversation, and I look forward to continuing to work with Andi in the future.

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Congratulations!

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Huge congratulations to Ligia Catherine Arias-Barrera, author of Regulation and Supervision of the OTC Derivatives Market. 

Published in April, this groundbreaking work has already been recognised as a major contribution to the discussion on the regulation and reform of financial markets after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, and has been placed at #13 in the Book Authority's Best Banking and Law Books of All Time listing.

Catherine Arias Barrera Ph.D. LLM is an Associate Professor at Universidad Externado de Colombia, and—amongst many other things—is currently preparing a book tour, delivering seminars and contributing to conferences to share her expertise in this field. Find out more about her and her work on her Linked In page.

It was my privilege to work with Catherine on the editing of this, her first book, and I’m delighted that it’s already received such a warm welcome. 

Well done Catherine, and I hope we can work together on many more projects in the future!

Regulation and Supervision of the OTC Derivatives Market is available from Amazon, Waterstones and all good booksellers.

Project Management's Green Book: The critical system which keeps your project on time and on budget

3 MIN READ

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Last time, we examined the four main challenges which always seem to pop up when planning projects:

  • being over-optimistic about the likelihood that all will go to plan

  • being overconfident about your capacity or speed

  • underestimating the complexity of pulling together the whole project

  • the inertia of everyday working life: procrastination, procrastination, procrastination...

In this post, after recognising what’s holding you back from realistic and successful project management, discover a simple fix suggested by Stephen Dubner and Bent Flyvbjerg (professor at Oxford University’s Saïd’s Business School) in a recent Freakonomics podcast.

Reference Class Forecasting

Rather than just focusing on the idiosyncrasies of the project you’re planning, consider previous similar tasks. Look back at projects with the same sort of scope, density and complexity, and frame your expectations about the new project based on those earlier ones.

Taking this principle further, Flyvbjerg describes a revolution in accurate budgeting and timeline planning by the UK Treasury, when they began to keep detailed records of every project they financed for the Department of Transport: how long they took, how much they cost—and crucially, how far off the mark the original predictions were.

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These records became the Green Book, and its analysis allowed the Treasury to consistently and accurately predict what they’d need to allow for in terms of time and finance, by using data from past pieces of work to reveal just how much the combination of optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation costs their projects.


Warning: spin might send your planning off track...

Warning: spin might send your planning off track...

Strategic Misrepresentation

We’ve all seen what happens when you let a human make a calculation, rather than a computer. As the Economics Nobel Prize winner Danny Kahneman says, “If you realistically present to people what can be achieved in solving a problem, they will find that completely uninteresting. You can’t get anywhere without some degree of over-promising.”

A little bit of spin might get your project off the ground, but it could also create some serious headaches further down the line. A canny project manager allows for this creative marketing when they’re planning, by factoring in a reality check on the numbers they’ve been given—and reference class forecasting makes it possible to do more than just guess.


The gap between what old projects should have cost in time and money, and what they actually ended up costing will reveal the magic number by which you should scale up the initial project quotation.

The Green Book Mindset

This all sounds amazing, right? Perfect planning using reference class forecasting can resolve the frustration of the challenges we’ve discussed so far—but there’s a catch.

The mindset has to shift across every member of your team, from “projects always overrun” to “this is a realistic goal, and we expect to meet it”.

When you make the shift to this kind of planning technique, everyone needs to reset their attitude towards projects. Whether it’s a multi-million pound development, or an in-house bid on a report, every member of the team needs to recognise that the usual wriggle room has been eliminated.

If you have multiple partners and the stakes are high, you may need to build in incentives and penalties to ensure your contractors meet their targets.

Projects vary, and you won’t always be able to find a perfect match from your archives, but reference class forecasting coupled with the Green Book Mindset should make a real difference to your scheduling and budgeting processes.

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Plan in extra help

And if your deadline is already set—as is often the case for bids or report submissions—this method of project planning will help you predict how much extra help you’ll need to meet your target.

Using a reliable project planning mechanism gives you the space to consider whether your team has capacity for all of their workload. And if not, using a professional freelancer (such as a writer, editor or proofreader) can all make the difference in completing your task on budget, and on time.

For a free consultation or quotation, please contact me@isandrews.com, or give me a call on 07988 858873 to talk more.


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Next time:

Team Work, Collaboration and How to Get the Best out of Working with Others

Project Management, Blown Deadlines, and How Freelancers Can Help

5 min read

As a freelance writer, editor and proofreader, much of my work involves supporting a team to produce a final published document—bids, reports, white papers, articles, and so on.

Time and again, I receive emails from the project manager letting me know that the work isn’t ready for my input yet, because other contributors haven’t managed to complete their drafts or finalise their results.

Having worked with many managers on this, I can reassure you: if you’ve ever experienced the frustration of trying to keep a project on target for a deadline and felt as if coordinating the working group is an impossible task—you’re not alone!

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In a recent Freakonomic podcast, Stephen Dubner detailed some common project dynamics, and the reasons why most of your group tasks overrun—in terms of time, budget, or both. In this five minute read, I’ll identify four key issues which affect us in our planning, and how using freelance support can radically help you overcome these challenges.

The Planning Fallacy

You may be an experienced project manager, or perhaps you are new to overseeing a group piece of work—but in either case, you’ve managed your own workload successfully in the past. And yet, Nobel Prize-winning psychologists Danny Kahneman and Amos Tversky would advise us all to be on our guard against the Planning Fallacy: overestimating your capacity, and underestimating the size of the task.

Despite our best intentions and most rigorous organisation, managing a multiple-stakeholder project can be overwhelming, and we can all fall prey to the same inefficiency monsters. So, what are they, and how can we defeat them?

The Optimism Bias

Freelancers are experienced at working on multiple-contributor projects, and have seen a wide range of challenges; they can help you think through possible difficulties and strategise around them

The first factor which messes with our deadline is our instinct to assume things will go more or less according to plan. Your own competence and professionalism can impede your ability to predict the sheer number of obstacles your project may face—we are insufficiently comprehensive in our thinking when anticipating bumps in the road.

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You may be able to imagine a competing piece of work arriving at the same time as this project, for example, or perhaps running into a technical issue that burns a few (dozen) hours of re-work or delay, or even that a crucial colleague may have a day off sick, or get held up on a flight… but can you imagine all of these things happening at once? As well as, maybe, ten other minor disasters you can’t even dream up right now—but that could happen, and have a major impact on your schedule?

Our Optimism Bias—the expectation that things will pan out well, even in the face of negative past experiences—is good for our emotional wellbeing, and it allows mankind to undertake daring and bold endeavours… but if we're trying to plan a realistic project schedule, it can work against us.

That’s when an external perspective can make a significant difference to team productivity: firstly, because freelancers are experienced at working on multiple-contributor projects, and have seen a wide range of challenges; they can help you think through possible difficulties and strategise around them.

Secondly, factors which affect your immediate team will not impact in the same way on freelance support (software / hardware issues, dynamics within the team, competing priorities, etc.), and so they can bring speed and positivity to the project, regardless of what’s going on within your office.

Overconfidence

Planning Fallacy factor two is overconfidence: the well-established feedback loop which tells us that being upbeat about our ability or progress is always a Good Thing.

... and that is a lifetime of feedback we give people, where we’re rewarding them for overconfidence constantly
— Katherine Milkman, Associate Professor at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
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In a competitive and fast moving world, it's beneficial to make bold claims, super positive self-assessments, and generally present a glass half full message—even if we know that the glass actually has a chip on the edge, a crack down the middle, and the drink inside probably should have been chucked out weeks ago for Health and Safety reasons.

The danger of overconfidence is that we start to believe our own hype, and lose sight of where we truly are on the schedule.

Whilst your freelancer will certainly want to impress you, we know that the proof of the pudding is in the eating—we don’t get hired back if we don’t produce the goods. One member of your team upon whom you can rely for 100 percent honest feedback is the one who—after the dust has settled and the project is complete—will depend on your recommendation for future contracts.

Coordination Neglect

The massive gains which come with a wide range of participants and specialist expertise are at risk of being undermined by the logistical challenges which accompany the ultimate reassembly of all this input into a coherent whole.

 
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Freelancers can provide excellent collaboration in designing a schedule and a system that allows work to be done in the right order, and received by the right people at the right time, minimising re-work and delays

Coordination neglect—underestimating the complexity of putting together the rich data and insight you've received from across your team—can be a major stumbling block in successfully making your deadline.

A freelance support can be invaluable in working around some of the difficulties here. We are well used to the process of coordinating multiple inputs, and can provide excellent collaboration in designing a schedule and a system that allows work to be done in the right order, and received by the right people at the right time, minimising re-work and delays.

Procrastination

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The fourth crunch factor which blows your deadline is that old desk enemy, procrastination.

There’s always something more interesting / urgent / easy to do than slog out the work—it’s human nature to put things off, especially if you’ve hit a tough patch.

This is another way in which utilising freelance support can really speed things up: when you hire someone to work specifically on your project (writing, editing or proofreading your reports, for example) they are completely focused on your work.

There’s nothing competing for our attention or importance, and all of our doodling, social media distraction, and displacement activity gets done on our own time!

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Freelance support for your project can make a crucial positive difference to planning your workflow and managing your timeline and budget—by contributing experience, rigour, an external perspective, and uninterrupted focused energy, moving the project forward on time, on budget.

For a free consultation or quotation, please contact me@isandrews.com, or give me a call on 07988 858873 to talk more.


Next time: Take Project Planning Strategy a Step Further

My next blog post examines a simple but brilliant technique proven to deliver accurate budget and planning predictions, slaying the Planning Fallacy forever!

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Beautiful words surround us – I'm featured in the PCN spotlight this week!

image credit: Luis Llerena

image credit: Luis Llerena

The Professional Copywriters' Network are featuring me in their spotlight this week, with an interview on my journey into freelance writing and editing, the high points of the job (as well as the bug bears!), what I do to jettison writer's block, and advice to writers who are just starting out.

For the full article, click here. To learn more about how I can help you, please go to My Work page, or contact me directly.